【新唐人2013年03月27日讯】在北京举行的“中国发展高层论坛2013”年会上，经济专家吴敬琏指出，过去数十年来，保守的估计，大陆一些政府部门因为都市化运动，赚进了至少30万亿人民币。他认为，如果土地产权问题不解决，各级政府会继续使用旧有的办法来支撑城镇化，最后演变成“大拆大建的造城运动”。
大陆国务院“发展研究中心市场经济研究所”经济学家吴敬琏，3月23号在“中国发展高层论坛”上，严厉批评了中共的“造城运动”。
吴敬琏表示，过去数十年，大陆当局从农民手上取得土地、再将土地转卖给地产开发商，从中赚取差价，最低估计有30万亿元人民币。
《新唐人》特约经济评论员马杰森：“这个数字是很小很小一笔，因为中国现在房地产整体的价值，已经是巨大无比，远远超过美国的房地产的价值，在这样的情况下，我觉得这是一个很保守的估计。”
而“新加坡国立大学东亚研究所”所长郑永年在会议中指出，推进城镇化的关键是土地制度。
郑永年说，大陆现在的农村土地制度是集体所有制，“土地表面上看是农民的唐僧肉，谁都想吃，地产商、地方政府想吃，上级政府想吃，但是主人——农民吃不到。”
据报导，中国土地管理法规定，土地补偿费和安置补助费的总和，不得超过土地被征收前3年平均年产值的30倍。以一亩农地每年产出2000元人民币计算，土地补偿费和安置补助费最高也不过每亩6万元。但随着房地产市场的快速膨胀，一些土地的拍卖价格已经达到每亩数10万元，甚至数百万元人民币，农民拿到的补偿金还不到十分之一。
马杰森：“征收的政策，通常也是按当前土地使用的价值来征收。比如说，北京郊区有一块地是种玉米的，他就给你补偿十年地产玉米的钱，然后征用转手，他就用高价拍卖的方式，到房地产市场拍卖，整个过程几乎是空手套白狼的赚钱，这个事情不光是在北京，其实全中国各地遍布这样的事情。”
住在广东的农民工曹伟渊表示，中共的“造城运动”是 农民工的权益。
大陆农民工曹伟渊：“本来农村的土地，根据现在国家法律制度归集体所有，应该是有农民一份的，这是他的财产的权利，你凭什么要让他放弃呢？然后放弃了，你在城市并没有说国家免费给他房子住，安家什么，国家来承担吗﹖没有﹗到城市，还是农民工自己掏钱去购房、安家等等。”
推行城镇化，耕地面积势必大幅度减少。未来人民吃什么？
曹伟渊认为，中共当局应该将农村土地制度私有化，让农民自己处置本来属于他们的土地财产，而不是现在看到的﹕农地被征收，农民工只能往城市打工的命运。
曹伟渊：“我觉得它（中共）规定这个农村土地集体所有制，实际上还是为了最终控制农村的土地，那么集体所有权掌握在这些村子里的这些党支部书记、村长手中。他们再通过这些党支部书记、村长，可以随便的对这个农村的土地进行一个控制。将来农民都到城里了，然后剩下来的土地都归他们随便去处置了，这简直是非常的不合理。”
马杰森：“你整个土地没有私有化这样一个过程，土地是国家垄断了。所有的土地价格是国家定，然后，城市的那个地区开发都是政府批准。这样的过程基本上是政府主导一切的，所以说，你没办法真的实质上改革。”
日前，吴敬琏接受媒体采访时表示，他作为一个研究工作者，研究事情发展的规律性，顺应历史潮流，能够做多少做多少﹗但是他可以很清楚的认识到，中国未来的经济，不改革的话，将是死路一条。
采访/刘惠 编辑/黄亿美 后制/郭敬
Chinese Communist Regime Takes Farmers’ Land by Force
During the “China Development Forum 2013″ in Beijing,
Wu Jinglian, a Mainland economist, commented.
Wu considers that due to the urbanization
movement in China, some local governments
have profited with at least 30 Trillion yuan.
If land property rights are not resolved, and local
governments continue to support it using old methods,
it will turn into a movement of
major demolitions and city buildings.
Wu Jinglian is an economist at the State Council Development
Research Center of the Market Economy Research Institute.
On March 23, during the China Development Forum on
March 23, he severely criticized the Chinese Communist
Party (CCP) for their city building movement.
Wu Jinglian said that authorities
have pocketed at least 30 trillion yuan.
This was through taking land from farmers,
and then selling it to real estate developers.
Jason Ma, NTD economic commentator:
“This figure is a very small sum.
This is because China’s real estate value is now
enormous, and far more than that of the United States.
So, I think that is a very conservative estimate.”
Zheng Yongnian, director of East Asian
Institute at Singapore National University:
“Rural land in China is collectively owned.
On the surface, farmers own rural land.
However, real estate developers, local governments, and
higher level governments desire it, so farmers can’t have it.”
It is said that according to land management laws,
the sum of land compensation and resettlement
fees shall not exceed 30 times the average annual
output value of the past 3 years.
With an acre of agricultural land with annual output
of 2,000 yuan, the highest land compensation
and resettlement fees will be 60,000 yuan.
However, with the rapid expansion of the
real estate market, some of the land
fetched 100,000 or even millions of yuan.
But farmers’ compensation is less than one-tenth of that.
Jason Ma: “Policies are usually based
on the value of the current land usage.
For example, Beijing suburbs grow a certain type of corn.
You can be compensated for the value of 10-years of corn.
Afterwards, your land will be sold
in a real estate market auction.
They will pocket the difference during the entire process.
This happens all over china, and not just in Beijing.
Cao Weiyuan, a migrant worker in Guangdong commented.
The CCP’s city building movement is a disguised
deprivation of rights and interests of migrant workers.
Cao Weiyuan: “Originally, rural land
was owned collectively by farmers.
According to the national legal system,
Those are their property rights.
How can you ask them to give it up?
The government promises them free housing and
resettlement fees. But it fails to uphold this.
Now migrant farmers have to find their own
housing, and pay for everything themselves.”
Implementation of urbanization will
substantially reduce arable land.
How are we going to feed future generations?
Cao Weiyuan thinks that the CCP
should privatize the rural land system.
It should let farmers decide what to do with their land.
With the current system, after agricultural
land is taken, farmers can only work in cities.
Caowei Yuan: “I think the collective ownership
of rural land is set up to control the land.
When the ultimate control of rural land is in the
hands of the village party branch secretary and
village heads, they can easily control rural land.
They can do whatever they wish after the
farmers move away. That is very unreasonable.”
Jason Ma: “So, without a land privatization
process, the state monopolizes land prices
and permits city development.
Basically, the government controls everything.
Therefore, there will not be any essential reform.”
Recently, during an media interview, Wu Jinglian said
that as a researcher, he can only study the regularity
of things as they develop, and follow history’s tide.
But, he can clearly see that without economic reform,
China’s economy is heading down a dead end street.
