【新唐人2013年09月18日讯】这段时间以来，中国大陆养老问题闹得沸沸扬扬。清华大学教授杨燕绥说，民众在退休后，还没有领取养老金的15年内，男的可以去养老院做园林义工，女的可以给老人洗衣服，这番言论被称为馊主意后，日前，中共国务院又计划推行“以房养老”。民众批评，这个建议比杨燕绥主意更残酷，有房的要被剥夺光，没房的只能等死。我们来看专家学者如何评价“以房养老”这个举措。
据大陆媒体报导，明年开始，中国将启动“以房养老”试点工作，具体措施有望明年一季度出台。中共国务院下发的《关于加快发展养老服务业的若干意见》表示，将开展老年人住房反向抵押养老保险试点。也就是老年人将房屋抵押给金融机构，从金融机构领取养老费用。房主去世后，房产出售用于归还贷款，其升值部分归金融机构所有。
中国金融智库研究员巩胜利：“这个人来的时候是空的，结果等你上了年岁，有了钱以后，唯一的财产财富，也就是房地产了，走的时候又全部交给了国家，那下一代又是空空如也，历史发展以后，真正有钱的是谁了？”
国务院的这个《意见》出来后，在网上招来一片骂声。网友批评说，“地抢完了，又准备抢房”，还有网友写道，“吃了你一辈子，最后点骨头渣也不放过！”
还有专家质疑，“以房养老”也许是抬高房价的“帮凶”。
另外，民众普遍对金融机构不信任，担心房子抵押给金融机构后，一旦金融机构把房子卖掉，卷走资金，养老更无着落。
有网友担心，社保会白交了，怀疑这是当局不发放养老金的前奏。
时事评论员林子旭：“中共发布这样的信息，最直接的原因应该就是中共目前面临的经济困境，外资大规模撤离，中共的贪官又在鲸吞海吃各种资金，同时大量的向国外转移，这一切都让中共当权者心惊不已，中共心里知道中国民众的养老金很多都被中共官员挥霍掉了，这个问题的严重性或许很快就要凸显出来，这个时候中共情急之下就想出了这么一个脑残的做法。”
从2007年开始，中共先后在北京、上海开始进行“以房养老”试点，最终以失败告终。
“以房养老”一直遭到专家和民众的质疑。其中一个重要的原因是，中国土地属于国有，民众对房产只有70年使用权，一旦产权到期，房子会被回收，届时以房养老的想法就会落空。
中共官方声称，“以房养老”是效仿西方国家。不过美国等西方国家的这种“以房养老”，有政府担保做后盾。借款人在世时，房子所有权属于借款人。在借款人离世后，所有权归住房及城市发展部。房子出售后，还清银行款项后的盈余部分，交给老人的遗产继承人。如果不足还款，住房及城市发展部将出钱补足欠缺部分，银行也不会吃亏。
网络作家夏小强：“中国政府和西方自由民主国家政府根本的不同是党管政府，国家财产就是党产，所以说，中共的体制造成了一种严重的腐败，养老金巨大的缺口，一方面是中共财政投入不足，通货膨胀也是原因之一，更主要的原因是各级中共官员贪污或挪用社保基金。”
中共前上海市委书记陈良宇在上海社保基金弊案中，挪用了32亿元人民币。
中共打算推行的“以房养老”，还被质疑为是延迟退休的另一种做法。
美国南卡罗莱纳大学艾肯商学院教授谢田：“更关键的问题是，一旦房地产泡沫破灭，房地产价格大跌的时候，通货膨胀这么严重，得到的钱可能不足以来支付更昂贵的生活水平，老人他的养老金就更没有着落了。”
还有专家质疑，中共过去怂恿利益集团先以“原始积累”的名义，靠高房价剥夺普通百姓的劳动积累，现在又以养老的名义维持原始积累的“合法性”，有可能加大社会贫富不均的差距。
采访编辑/刘惠 后制/施怡君
Cruel New CCP Plan, “Using Mortgage To Pay Pension"
China’s pension problem has recently trigged heated debates.
Tsinghua University Professor Yang Yansui said that
in the fifteen years between retiring and getting pension,
men can be volunteer as gardeners at nursing homes,
while women can do laundry for seniors.
Many Mainlanders say her remarks are nonsense.
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) State Council
plans to promote the program of “Housing Endowment."
People criticize that this proposal is more brutal than Yang’s idea:
owners of housing will be deprived,
and those with no housing will wait forever.
Let’s take a closer look.
According to Mainland Chinese media, China will pilot
its “Housing Endowment" program in 2014.
Specific measures are expected to come out Q1, 2014.
Opinions About Accelerating Pension Services
issued by the CCP State Council suggests that there will be
a trial run of the senior housing pension mortgage program.
Under the program, seniors can mortgage their homes
to financial institutions and get pension from them.
After the owners die, the financial institution sells the house
and returns the mortgage, and any property appreciation
goes to the financial institution.
Gong Shengli, China financial and social commentator:
“People came to this world empty-handed.
When they get old, they might only get real estate property.
Then they have to hand it over the government.
Their next generation will be empty-handed.
In the end, who get the money?"
The proposal trigged criticism online.
One netizen said: “After they rob everything,
they take your house too."
Other netizens said: “It exploits you all your life,
and even swallows you up in the end."
Some experts questioned that “Housing Endowment"
may contribute to rising house prices.
In addition, many generally don’t trust financial institutions,
worrying that they will sell the houses and take the money.
Some netizens are concerned about their social security.
They suspect the authorities will withhold people’s pensions.
Commentator Lin Zixu:"The direct cause of the CCP’s proposal
is the financial difficulty it faces now.
Foreign investments are withdrawing on a large scale.
Corrupt CCP officials are transferring capital overseas.
The CCP regime was very nervous.
They know a large amount of people’s pension have been
taken away by corrupt officials, and the issue would surface soon.
So the CCP came up with this foolish idea."
Since 2007, CCP held trial “Housing Endowment" programs
in Beijing and Shanghai, which ended in failure.
From the start, experts and everyday people
have found the program questionable.
The key reason is China’s lands are owned by the government.
People only have 70 years of right to use.
Once the term is up, the property is taken back.
Leaving the “Housing Endowment" plan to fall through.
CCP authorities claim that “Housing Endowment" is
to mimic western countries.
However, “Housing Endowment’ in the West is supported by
the government.
The borrower owns the house when alive.
The ownership will go to city development departments
after the owners pass away.
After the houses are sold, extra money in addition to mortgage
will be given to the person’s heirs.
If the selling price cannot cover mortgage,
city department pay banks the remainder.
Online writer Xia Xiaoqiang:"The fundamental difference
between China and western countries is the one-party rule.
China’s assets all belong to the CCP.
Serious corruption caused the huge gap in pension.
Inflation is another factor.
The key issue is CCP officials’ embezzling social insurance."
Chen Liangyu, former Shanghai CCP party secretary
embezzled 3.2 billion yuan ($523,000) of social insurance.
The CCP’s “Housing Endowment" is also suspected to be
another way used to defer retirement.
Xie Tian, professor at University of South Carolina
Aiken School of Business: “The more critical issue is that
once the real estate bubble bursts, the money people get
cannot cover living expenses with severe inflation.
The lives of seniors will become even more difficult."
Other experts question the CCP’s encouraging interest groups
to exploit people through high housing prices.
It now promotes the proposal in the name of supporting seniors,
but may end up widening the gap between rich and poor.
