【新唐人2013年08月24日讯】中国是世界上拥有水库大坝数量最多的国家，但溃坝率也居世界前列，一项调研结果表明，中国近9万座水库大坝，基本都已年久失修。其中有四万多座水坝“带病”运转，使得中国四分之一的县市随时面临溃坝后被冲毁的危险。有专家还指出，造成今年南北方洪水肆虐的主要原因，很可能与这些“病险水库”的溃坝有关。
连日来，大陆各地不断传出暴雨袭击后，冲毁堤坝造成洪灾肆虐伤亡惨重的消息，使得各界再次将目光聚焦到备受争议的中国水库大坝。
中国地质学家杨勇：“中国水坝的问题，实际上这几年大家都在谈论，官方也有定论。中国水坝达到了将近10万座，大大小小的，其中60%左右，属于‘病险库’。在2012的时候，国家水利部曾经发布了这些信息。”
据中共水利部普查结果显示，中国的水库大坝由于工程质量差、年代久、设施老化加上缺乏必须的维护，目前至少有4万多座水库存在病险，随时面临溃坝，直接威胁到了179个城市和285座县城。
杨勇：“从中国这么大的水库的数量，它的病险率占60%，这个量是相当大的，这些病险库在极端气候的状况下，肯定出现溃坝的概率是相当大的，它所带来的损失和破坏力也是相当大的。”
有数据显示，中国大坝数量居世界首位，年均溃坝率是世界年均溃坝率的4倍多。中共水利部部长在接受媒体采访时也曾表示，截至2005年底，中国每年平均有68座水库垮坝。而几乎所有的水库都存在坝体渗水、坝身薄弱等诸多安全隐患。因此每到汛期，小型水库出现险情、溃坝的事故时有发生。
杨勇：“从今年南方和北方的水灾的情况来看，可能都和这些水坝有关系。但是到现在为止，水灾的原因还没有一个明确说法。除了气候降雨的原因以外，是不是和水坝相关，到现在为止，我们还没看到有关方面的结论，但是从水灾的状况来看呢，很多城市被淹没、很多村镇被淹没，很多江河的防洪压力巨大，势必和一些病险水库的溃坝有关系。”
据报导，在今年的南北大洪灾中，广东普宁练江多处溃坝，海水倒灌，导致多人死亡﹔汕头市潮南地区大堤水库多处堤防崩塌，淹水高达3米，大批民众受困。而1975年河南的板桥水库溃坝，据传更是造成了24万人丧生洪水的悲剧。
对此民众质问当局，堤坝为什么会崩溃，结构问题？材料组成问题？设计问题？还是豆腐渣工程？为什么在洪期到来之前不事先加固和维修堤坝？对此，当局的答复为：经费奇缺，无力维修。
而另一方面，中共官员利用整修水库进行贪污腐败的案例却不断被曝光。有媒体报导，2005年6月，因官员挪用整修水库预算购买名车，导致黑龙江沙兰镇年久失修的水库不堪豪雨而溃堤，洪水瞬间淹没位于下游的中心小学，造成105名小学生死亡。
而中共水利部1988年就已经在账上的基建投资预算1.2亿元，本来是应该安排给项目单位应急使用的，但直到2000年，这笔款项依然闲置。
采访编辑/张天宇 后制/李智远
Sick Dams: Real Reason Behind China’s Fatal Flooding
China has the most reservoir dams in the world,
and the highest dam failure rate.
China has built nearly 90,000 dams, whilst nearly
all of them have been under of repair for years.
Over 40,000 in-service dams in China are “sick”.
This has put 25% of counties at risk of destruction
after a dam breach.
Experts think that the reason behind this year’s
flooding in the North and South,
was more likely caused by the
collapse of these “sick” dams.
For days, China’s media have been reporting on fatal floods,
and dam breaking due to heavy rainfall.
Global attention was once again given to
China’s reservoir dams, a controversial issue.
Chinese geologist, Yang Yong: “China’s dam issue
has been talked about for years.
The authorities have reached a final conclusion.
China has almost 100,000 dams, 60% of them
are in a dangerous state.
This was the information released by the
Ministry of Water Resources in 2012.”
An official survey shows the problems with China’s dams.
They are of inferior quality, with long-term services,
facility decaying, and lack of adequate maintenance.
Over 40,000 reservoirs in China are at risk of a breach.
They are posing a direct threat to the safety of
179 cities and 285 counties.
Yang Yong: “It is a very high rate with 60%
being classified as being dangerous reservoirs.
In extreme weather conditions, it is highly
probable of a dam break.
That will cause large loss and destruction.”
Public data show that China has the most dams in the world.
The annual average rate of a dam break is
four times that of the world norm.
In 2006, China’s Water Resources vice minister admitted
that by 2005, China had an average of 68 dam breaches yearly.
Dam seepage and weakness are common problems
with many reservoirs.
During the flood season, dangerous situations often
occur in small reservoirs, which include dam failure.
Yang Yong: “This year’s flooding in the North and South
were all affected by these dams.
But so far, the authorities have
given no explicit explanations.
In addition to rainfall, whether the floods are related
to dams? We haven’t seen any official conclusion yet.
Now many cities and towns have been flooded, and
river flood control systems are facing huge pressure.
I think there is a link between the flooding and
breaching of some sick dams.”
Reportedly, in Puning, Guangdong Province,
dam breaks have caused many deaths this year.
A Dam breach in Shantou had caused a three-meter flood level,
which trapped a large number of local residents.
Back in 1975, the Banqiao reservoir dam failure occurred
in Henan Province, leading to 240,000 deaths.
The public has now raised their queries——
why did the dams collapse?
Were there problems with structure, material composition,
designing, or were they shoddy constructions?
People are asking why no prior reinforcing and repairs
were applied to these dams in the pre-flood period?
The authorities’ reply was: a critical shortage of funds,
which leads to non maintenance.
However, corruption of officials involved in reservoir
maintenance have been continuously exposed.
Reportedly, in Shatian, a town of Helongjiang Province,
officials spent the budget for reservoir renovations to buy famous cars.
In June 2005, the dam collapsed due to heavy rains.
The flood drowned a primary school located downstream,
claiming the lives of 105 students.
Media reports claim that China’s Water Resources Ministry
allocated a 120-million-yuan contingency fund
for local infrastructure investments in 1988.
Yet the fund remained idle until the year 2000.
