【新唐人2013年03月11日讯】一位政府消息人士表示，中共新领导层正计划逐步推出居住证制度，来改革当前户籍制度，他说，这一改革对推动城镇化，和促进消费型经济增长，至关重要。多年来，众人一直呼吁改革这个具歧视性的户籍制度，那么，这次真的能改变吗？请看本台记者的分析报导。
一名政府研究者告诉《路透社》，“一个统一的全国居住证制度将被采纳，作为10年城市化计划的一部分，并将在两会之后发布。”他指出，改革将缓慢进行，趋势是淡化城乡居民户籍区分。但他并未透露这项计划需要多长时间。
中共总理温家宝6号在政府工作报告中宣称，应加快户籍制度改革，推动城镇化。发改委主任张平同一天也透露，正协同多个有关部委，编制中国城镇化发展规划，预计上半年就可出台。
公安部副部长最近也表示，正力争尽快颁布实施居住证管理办法，第一步是小城市和小城镇放开落户限制。
广东东莞农民工曹先生：“居住证制度比以前的暂住证制度是要稍微好一点，但这并不能从根本上解决2亿多农民工的公平待遇问题。”
这位广东东莞的曹姓农民工表示，目前在广东居住5年后才能入户，作为流动性很强的农民工，很难保障住处的稳定。因此他认为，根据当前的土地政策，农民工受歧视不可避免；另外，即使在打工处落户，老家的土地、房产很难去处理，所以，土地不私有化，这些问题不能得到彻底解决。
东南大学法学教授张赞甯：“户籍制度对农民工是很不利的，我们中国还没有迁徙自由。他要是没有当地户口，小孩就没有学可上，医保都受很大的影响，高考都受很大的影响。如果采取居住制度，那就不以户籍为省，以居住地为省，对外来人口的歧视会有所好转。”
“北京师范大学”经济学者段绍译指出，取消户籍限制有多方面的好处：它能减少农民工的资源浪费、节约农村土地，还能利于城市的经济发展，甚至彻底改变春运紧张的问题。
“北京师范大学”经济学者段绍译：“公民的身份证取得平等地位，这种方向是不可阻挡的。这种居住证制度推出来，也是慢慢改变城乡差别，也是一种过渡。”
段绍译表示，这会损害一部分既得利益集团的利益，他们会对这种改革进行阻拦。
“华盛顿大学”人口学专家Kam Wing Chan也指出，如果处理不当，不仅城市中产阶级不会扩大，反倒会出现庞大的底层阶级，这种情况很可怕。
深圳当代社会观察研究所所长刘开明“那么多农村人进城，肯定他需要稳定的工作、稳定的住房、稳定的收入，可以发展未来，那么很重要的生活成本要降低。生活成本降低不是他们个人能解决的，必须由政府来解决。因为生活成本最大的是住房、教育、养老，这些都是生活成本，必须政府来解决。”
著名经济学者程晓农指出，在1957年以前，中国农民基本上是可以自由进城的，而且中国历代历朝从来没有实行过户籍制度。但是由于毛泽东推行的“大跃进”，饿死几千万人，从此中国的城乡就被“户籍管制”这个巨大的鸿沟隔离开来了。
目前，全世界也只有中国、北韩和贝南三个国家，实行严格的户籍制度，但北韩的户籍制度，并没有在农民和工人之间划出差异性鸿沟。
而中国，到现在也还在中共这个不否定毛泽东的政权下执政！因此，指望中共解决这一历史恶果，并不现实。
采访/易如 编辑/宋风 后制/萧宇
Residence Permit vs. Household Registration
A government informant said the Chinese Communist Party(CCP) new leadership is planning to gradually introduce a residence permit system, to reform the current household registration system.
He said, this reform is essential to the promotion of urbanization and the growth of consumer-based economy. Over the years, everyone has been calling for reform of the discriminatory household registration system. Can it really be changed this time? Let’s see our reporter‘s analysis of the situation.
A government researcher told Reuters, “a unified national residence permit system will be adopted as part of a 10-year urbanization plan, and will be released after the two sessions."
He pointed out that the reform would be conducted slowly, with a trend to dilute household registration distinction between urban and rural residents.
But he did not disclose how long the plan will take.
CCP Premier Wen Jiabao claimed in the government work report on March 6th that it should accelerate the reform of the household registration system and promotion of urbanization. Zhang Ping, the secretary of Development and Reform
Commission also revealed the same day that he was collaborating with various relevant ministries to prepare the urbanization development plan, introduced as early as the first half of 2013.
Deputy Minister of Public Security said recently, he was to promulgate and implement residence permit management approach as soon as possible. The first step is the lift of small cities and small towns settlement restrictions.
Mr. Cao, a migrant worker in Guangdong: “Residence permit system will be a slight improvement on the previous temporary residence permit system, but it could not resolve the unfair treatment to over 200 million migrant workers.”
Mr. Cao said, currently migrant workers can only have a household permit after five years of residence in Guangdong. The highly mobile migrant workers find it hard to protect the stability of their residences. Therefore, he believes that discrimination against migrant workers is inevitable under the current land policy. Also even though they settled where they worked, real estate properties are very difficult to deal with. So if the land is not privatized, these problems cannot be completely resolved.
Zhang Zanning, professor of law in Southeast University:"Household registration system is very detrimental for migrant workers, and there is no freedom of migration in China. With no local registered residence, the child could not go to school, and their medical insurance would be greatly impacted. This would also greatly affect them in the college entrance examination. If you take a residence permit system, the hometown is not the household registered province, but the residence province. So discrimination of the foreign provincial population will be improved."
Duan Shaoyi, Beijing Normal University economist pointed out deleting household registration restriction has many benefits. It can reduce the waste of resources of the migrant workers, saving rural land, and also be conducive to the economic development of the city, or even completely change the tension in transportation during the Chinese New Year.
Duan Shaoyi:"Citizens’ ID card will have equal status, this direction is unstoppable. This residence permit system introduced is to slowly change the differences between urban and rural areas as a transition."
Duan said it will harm the benefits of some vested interests groups, and they will try to hinder such reforms.
Kam Wing Chan, a demographic expert in University of Washington, pointed out that if not handled properly, urban middle class would not increase, but there will appear a huge underclass, which will be very terrible.
Liu Kaiming, director of Shenzhen Institute of Contemporary Observation:"So many rural people got into the city. They certainly need stable jobs, housing, income, and future development, so it is important reduce the cost of living.
This can’t be solved by themselves, but should be solved by the government.
The major cost of living is housing, education and pensions, which must be solved by the government."
Cheng Xiaonong, a famous economist pointed out that before 1957, Chinese farmers can go freely into the city. In ancient Chinese dynasties, there was never any household registration system. However, due to “Great Leap Forward” launched by Mao Zedong, thousands of people were starved to death. Since then urban and rural areas of China were isolated by the huge gap of household registration control.
In the world, only three countries have a strict household registration system, including China, North Korea, and Benin. But North Korea’s household registration system does not have differences between the peasants and the workers.
China is now still under the ruling of the CCP which does not deny the Mao regime! Therefore, to expect the CCP to solve the evil historical consequences is not realistic.
