【新唐人2015年01月14日讯】大陆乳制品市场再次遭遇“寒冬”，自去年年底以来，随着奶企收购量和收购价格的急剧下降，山东、河北、内蒙、黑龙江、广东等地，出现了大面积的奶农“倒奶杀牛潮”，并有向全国扩大蔓延的趋势，引发社会关注。那么，谁是这场风波的背后推手呢？一起来看看。
新年伊始，大陆各地爆发了大面积的“倒奶杀牛潮”，很多中小规模奶牛养殖户和散户奶农向媒体哭诉，各大奶企以各种借口拒绝收奶，奶农们只好把卖不出去的牛奶倒掉，以避免更大的损失。因为倒的奶太多，一些地区的河水都变成了白色。
不仅如此，巨大的养殖成本和昂贵的饲料，使得不堪重负的奶农，不得不把奶牛不计成本地转手卖出，甚至忍痛宰杀。
天津奶牛养殖户常先生：“奶都卖不出去，给5毛钱一斤都不要。现在收奶老是不合格，这样不合格、那不合格。我养13年牛都卖了，我都卖了。我们这（畜牧）小区都黄（倒闭）了，都卖了，不卖不行了，白靠着，白受累。”
那么，大陆奶企会拒收鲜奶原因是什么呢？专家指出，国际原奶价格持续走跌、大量进口乳制品疯狂涌入造成的国内奶源相对过剩、乳制品市场消费低靡，都是造成“倒奶杀牛”的直接原因。
黑龙江省农科院畜牧研究所副所长张冬方：“有一些乳品行业奶源过剩的，可能货存积压啊，或者由于进口奶粉复原了之后比你（奶农）价格低，就不要你的奶了呗，再说国家也没有个保障。”
2008年三鹿奶粉爆出三聚氰胺毒奶粉事件之后，引发了大陆全乳制品行业信任危机，国内消费者因为对国产奶粉质量问题的担忧，转而把目光投向国外，国内奶粉无人问津。根据调查数据显示，从2008年9月到2013年春天，196万名中国父母通过淘宝公司购买洋奶粉，花销超过了163亿元人民币。
如果说“倒奶杀牛”的直接原因，是进口奶粉冲击加上国内消费市场低迷，那么深层原因就复杂了许多。
专家指出，奶农与奶企关系失衡现像在大陆极为严重。由于养殖和加工脱节，奶农处于弱势地位。奶源紧张、乳品企业争抢奶源、抬高奶价﹔奶源过剩、乳品企业压级压价、拒收限收，奶价议价权掌控在乳品企业手中，碰到市场波动时，最先受损、受损最严重的就是奶农。
天津奶牛养殖户常先生：“奶多，乳制品厂压（畜牧）小区，小区压个户，倒霉的还是老百姓、还是养殖户。”
张冬方：“现在乳品行业逐渐在垄断，就它收你的奶，它要不收就没人收。再说乳行业品始终管制着养殖户、养殖企业，比如说我是伊利啊，或者我是蒙牛啊，我收你的奶，你必须得吃我的料，不吃我的料也不行，我得给你的奶压等（级），然后还得买我的兽药，不买我的兽药也不行，它这个垄断的太厉害。”
各地“倒奶杀牛”事件引发舆论关注后，农业部1月7号紧急下发文件称，将采取措施帮助奶农处理卖奶难问题。11号，农业部再次表示，将通过协调乳品企业增加收购，加大政策扶持和救助力度，保护奶农利益。
对此，奶农们表示，类似这样的“倒奶杀牛”危机，每隔几年就会爆发一次，每次政府都宣称将出台“协调”、“救助”和“扶持”政策，但奶农们从来没有从中受益过，每次都依然是损失惨重。
广东省奶业协会顾问王丁棉也对媒体透露：“从2009年起，奶农杀牛卖牛就一直没有停止过，每年退出、弃养的农户均超10万户。”
天津奶牛养殖户常先生：“别听那政策，政策？政策到老百姓、到最下面就没用了，你死不死，你死不死谁管呢？真正到了个户手的，到养殖户手的哪有？哪落在个户手了？我13年也没见到国家一点政策！你听上边的？上边政策多了，到下边，到老百姓手就没东西了！”
据《新浪网》投票调查显示，认为造成“倒奶杀牛”现象主要责任方是“政府产业监管部门”的占53.5%，认为“奶企见利忘义”的占29.4%﹔认为“倒奶杀牛”现象是由于机制问题造成的占99.34%。
采访/田净 编辑/张天宇
Pouring away milk and slaughtering cows spreads across China
Mainland China’s dairy market suffers “winter" again.
Since the end of last year, there has been a sharp decline
in the amount of milk bought and prices paid
by the milk enterprises.
A large swath of dairy farmers in Shandong,
Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Guangdong
prevalently “pour milk and slaughter the cows".
The trend is expanding to the entire country,
causing social concern.
So what is the driving force behind this storm?
Let’s have a look.
At the beginning of this year, an outbreak of
“pouring milk slaughtering cows" is booming
in a large area around Mainland China.
Many medium and small-scale dairy farmers
and individual dairy farmers were saddened and informed
the media how they suffered.
Because the major milk enterprises refused to purchase
their milk with a variety of excuses, dairy farmers have
had to pour away the milk which could not be sold,
in order to avoid greater losses.
Because much of the milk was poured down the river,
in some areas rivers even ran white.
Moreover, huge farming costs and expensive feedstuff,
forced the devastated farmers, who could not afford
the new low milk price and lower quantity bought,
to sell the cows regardless of the losses,
and even reluctantly to slaughter the cows.
Mr. Chang is a dairy farmer in Tianjin and he says:
“Milk cannot be sold out, even at 50 cents half kilogram it
cannot be sold. Now, the milk enterprises tell us our milk
is not qualified, either by this indicator, or that indicator.
I sold the cows I had raised for 13 years.
I sold all of the cows. Our (animal husbandry) district
is yellow (collapsed), and all cows were sold,
no way except to sell.
Otherwise, we may lose more money and much more."
So, what’s the reason for China milk enterprises
to refuse to purchase the fresh milk?
Experts point out that international raw milk prices
continue to fall, and an uncontrolled influx of imported
dairy products caused the relative excess
and weakened the domestic milk market.
These are all the indirect reasons which cause
“pouring milk and slaughtering cows".
Zhang Dongfang, Deputy Director of Animal Science
and Heilongjiang Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Institute: “Some milk industries have oversupplied milk,
with a possible existence of a backlog of goods.
Or the import of cheaper milk powder
has led to rejecting the purchase of fresh milk.
Furthermore the country has no security against this."
The outbreak of the Sanlu melamine milk scandal in 2008
caused a crisis of confidence in the dairy industry.
Due to the concerns about the quality of domestic milk,
many consumers looked instead to foreign milk
and demand for domestic milk fell.
The survey data shows that from Sept 2008
to the spring of 2013, 1.96 million Chinese parents
spent more than 16.3 billion RMB on foreign milk bought
through Taobao.
If saying the direct reason for
“pouring milk and slaughtering cows" is the impact
of imported foreign milk powder plus weak domestic consumption,
then the underlying cause is much more complicated.
Experts point out that the imbalanced relationship
between dairy farmers and milk enterprises
is extremely common in Mainland China.
Due to the separation between farming and milk processing,
dairy farmers are in a weak position.
When milk output is low, the dairy companies
raise prices; when there is a surplus,
dairy companies refuse to buy
or lower the normal price.
Bargaining power is in the hands
of the dairy industry, with market volatility,
the first to suffer loss and the most loss are parents.
Mr. Chang: “When milk is overproduced,
milk manufacture puts more pressure on
dairies, this pressures households,
and the final users and farmers will all suffer a lot."
Zhang Dongfang: “Now the dairy industry is gradually
developing the status of monopoly, and only these companies
purchase milk. If these companies don’t purchase the milk,
then there will be no one to purchase it.
On the other hand, dairy industry producers always
control the farmers and farming enterprises.
For example, there was the Yili brand, or Mengniu brand.
They purchased your milk, but you may be required
to feed the cows with their feedstuff.
Otherwise, if no-one uses their milk, then the producer
farmer has to downgrade the milk output.
Then you need to buy my veterinary medicine.
If you don’t buy, then this is unacceptable.
Such a monopoly is very serious."
All incidents of “slaughtering cows and pouring milk"
have sparked public concern.
The Ministry of Agriculture urgently issued a document
on January 7th and stated that they will take measures
to help farmers deal with the problem of selling milk.
On Jan 11th, the Ministry of Agriculture
once again said it would increase the amount bought
and ensure the interests of dairy farmers
by enhancing policy support and first aid.
In response to this, farmers say, similar
“pouring milk and slaughtering cows" will happen
every five years.
Such a crisis breaks out regularly, and each time,
the government announces it will introduce
“coordination", “aid" and “support" policies,
but milk farmers have never benefited from the policy,.
Wang Dingmian is a consultant for Guangdong Provincial
Dairy Association, and he says. “From 2009 onwards,
farmers have always given up by killing the cows
and selling the cows.
Every year, the quit and stopped farmers are almost
more than 100,000 households."
Mr. Chang “Do not listen to the policy, when the policy
circulates to the people, for them it has no use.
Will you die, who cares? Even if it really reaches the hands
of the household, how much can be given to farmers?
What will be given to the individuals?
I have never see any national policy!
Have you heard some news?
If you follow the high level policies,
when it circulates to the bottom level,
then there are no more benefits to be shared
by the hands of ordinary people! “
According to the “Sina" Polls on the Internet,
for the current responsible party,
53.5% agree the reason
for “pouring milk and slaughtering cows"
is a primary responsibility of
“government regulation of industry sectors";
29.4% agree “unscrupulous milk prices";
99.34% agrees this is produced by the mechanism.
Interview/TianJing Edit/Zhang Tianyu
