【新唐人2013年05月07日讯】近年，中国大陆呼吁精简政府机构，减少公务员等呼声不断，中国纳税人到底养了多少公职人员？虽然官方和学界说法不一，但禁不住资料的推敲，中国民众负担之重，在专家们精算的数字背后，原来隐藏多数“蝗虫”。
作为中共新一届政府总理的李克强，在3月17号人大会议后的中外记者招待会上，他表示，“未来财政再保持高速增长的收入态势不大可能了”。要让人民过上好日子，政府就要过紧日子，那就需要削减政府的开支。
看了李克强的豪言壮语，人们不禁回想起当年的前总理朱镕基，他在即位不久，也是如此般的立誓“两手抓，两手硬”：第一手硬：“准备好一百口棺材,也有我的一口”﹔第二手硬：国务院先行开刀，举国上下来个大规模的“精兵简政”。
如今十四年过去“精兵简政”的成果到底如何？
据大陆官方提供的资料表明，从1998年到2009年，中国财政供养人员规模从3843万人飙升到5393万人。并且自2007年以后，还在以每年250万人的增速继续飙升，专家推算，到2012年，中国财政供养人口可能已超过6000万。而这一数字还仅仅是有公务员编制、或者事业单位编制的体制内人员，没有包括来自60万个村委会及8万多个居委会的多达近300万的准财政供养人员。
北京《国情内参》首席研究员巩胜利：“中国政府可以堪称全球第一大最大官国，到2013年已经超过6千万人了，也是中国5000年来政府官员最多的时期。”
难怪朱镕基感叹：如此臃肿的机构和数量庞大的行政人员，把国家的钱都吃光了！究竟什么原因造成了中国如此庞大的官员系统？
巩胜利：“中国的政权运行是双重的体制和最多构架的政府。从两个方面来讲，第一，中国政府首先是政府之上有个党，就是中国各级政府里面都有两重机构在运行，一个是党的机构，一个是政府机构﹔第二，中国政府和全球各国国家政府（相比），运行的构架层次是全球最多的。层次多，设立的官员多。”
巩胜利统计，从中央到地方再到最底层的村委会，中共政府机构构架多达7重，而美国等国家从州到最低级行政机构只有3到4重，而最简洁的新加坡和香港只有两级。
中国财政供养规模问题不仅仅是存量巨大，增长速度更是令人担忧，究竟是什么原因造成了中国财政供养人口快速增加呢？香港《凤凰周刊》一篇题为中国财政到底养了多少人?一文指出，除了在职人员，平均年增90万的离退长休人员也是财政供养人口的主要来源之一， 占增加数量的60%。
巩胜利：“因为中国现在是个老龄性的国家，它的退休人员大概要超过2000万左右，因为党政干部的体制没有纳入社会保障体制，而是党的退休的机制，而且退休金不是社会保障体系供养的，是国家财政供养的。”
文章指出，对于纳税人来说，这代表很大一部分税收用来供养近三成“光吃饭不干活”的离退长休公职人员。庞大的供养人数带来的高昂的行政成本和管理费用，给中国的财政和人民带来无法承担的重荷，政府开支增速远超GDP。
巩胜利：“中国财政供养的人是全球之最，这是当然的，还有中国（共）政府成本的运行也是全球最高。”
为此，中共总理李克强约法三章，试图削减政府开支，但被专家指出是治标不治本。旅美经济学家简天伦指出，如果中共当局诚心想减少开支，只要把党的系统去掉，就会摆脱目前财政面临的困境。
采访/刘惠 编辑/张天宇 后制/李勇
China’s Fiscal vs. Number of Officials,
Li Keqiang vs. Locusts
In recent years, the Chinese people have called for the stream-
lining of governance to reduce the number of civil servants.
The government and scholars have different numbers of
officials that Chinese taxpayers are paying for.
In fact, there exist way too many so-called
locusts behind the statistics.
Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang said in a press conference
on March 17, “Any high growth of finance is unlikely,”
cutting expenditure is the way to ensure
a better life for the people.
Li Keqiang’s remarks reflect the words of
former Prime Minister Zhu Rongji who also vowed,
“Prepare 100 coffins and one for me” and “Cut the State
Council first, and streamline the whole country on a large scale.”
What has been the outcome of the streamlining 14 years later?
Chinese official data show that government workers have
Soared in number from 38.43 million to 53.93 million between 1998 and 2009.
Since 2007, annual growth has continued at the rate of
2.5 million.
It is estimated that by 2012, the Chinese fiscal
will support more than 60 million officials,
this only refers to workers within the governmental structure.
There are still about 3 million local villages and district
workers not counted for but who rely on tax dollars.
Scholar and independent critic Gong Shengli: “The Chinese
regime owns the world’s largest number of officials.
With more than 60 million officials in 2013, the regime owns
the most officials in 5,000 years of Chinese history.”
No wonder Zhu Rongji sighed, “The bloated structure and
numerous workers have eaten up the country.”
What causes there to be such a large system of officials?
Gong Shengli: “The Chinese regime runs
a dual system of multi level government.
First, above the government, there is the Party.
That means each department consists of two organizations,
one from the Party, and the other the government.
Second, comparing to other countries, the Communist regime
operates at multi-level which requires more officials."
According to Gong Shengli’s analysis, from central to local
and then to the bottom of the village committee, it consists of 7 levels.
In the United States there are three to four levels
from the state to the lowest administrative agencies,
while Singapore and Hong Kong
consist of only two levels.
The finance burden of the Communist regime exists
not only because of the volume of officials,
but also because of the speed in increasing
the number of officials.
What causes this rapid increase in the number of officials?
According Hong Kong’s Phoenix Weekly’s report,
“How many officials do the Chinese fiscal support?"
indicated that other than the existing workers,
retirees are also major dependents of the fiscal.
The number of retirees is increasing at
an annual rate of 900,000,
this accounts for 60% of the annual increase in
officials relying on the fiscal.
Gong Shengli: “China is now an aging country
with retirees likely to be over 20 million.
Retiree cadres are under the Party’s retiree system,
not the social security system.
Retirement benefits are provided by the fiscal,
not by the social security system."
The report pointed out that a large portion of tax dollars
are used to feed about 30% of retirees.
This huge number of dependents brings along high
administrative costs and expenditures.
It is an unbearable burden to the fiscal and the people.
Governmental spending is growing at a rate higher than
the GDP.
Gong Shengli: “The Chinese fiscal certainly supports
the world’s largest number of officials.
The Communist regime also operates
at the highest cost in the world."
Premier Li Keqiang has pledged to cut government spending,
but our expert does not believe that will solve the fundamental issue.
Economist Jian Tianlun indicated that to get rid of the fiscal
burden and difficulty will require getting rid of the Party system.
That’s if the Communist regime is sincere
in the wish to reduce the expenditure.
