【新唐人2013年12月21日讯】中共国务院官员周四说，部分国有企业，可能成为整体上市的公众公司。但专家指出，中共所谓的“国有企业改革”仍以“公有制”为主体，跟三中全会所声称的“让市场发挥更大作用”背道而驰。
国资委副主任黄淑和星期四在国务院新闻办的发布会上表示，国资委下一步将深化国有企业改革，加快国有企业“股权多元化改革”，发展所谓“混合所有制经济”。
黄淑和表示，“国企混合所有制”主要采取四种形式。第一，涉及国家安全的少数国有企业，可以采用国有独资形式。第二，涉及国民经济命脉的重要行业、和关键领域的国有企业，可保持国有绝对控股。第三，涉及支柱产业、和高新技术产业等行业的重要国有企业，可保持国有相对控股。第四，国有资本不需要控制的国有企业，可采取国有参股形式。
“北京天则经济研究所”所长助理段绍译表示，当局如果希望提高生产效率，做好企业，创造更多的财富，就必须实行“私有化”。
北京天则经济研究所所长助理段绍译：“国有企业不可能做好的。都是花别人的钱办别人的事。只有私有化，才能把这些企业做好。”
中共三中全会的《决定》文中，虽然提出要让市场发挥更大作用，将市场的地位从“基础性作用”提升为“决定性作用”，但是同时，中共仍强调以“公有制”为主体，继续把“国家所有制”作为经济的核心，并且要进一步增强“国有经济的控制力和影响力”。
原中共中央体改委干部曹思源：“国有企业的控制力是一种不平等的概念。国有企业跟私营企业，为什么就要国有企业去控制呢？恰恰相反，我认为在市场经济当中，应该是平等的竞争，通过平等竞争，私营企业恰恰会占主体地位，而不是用人为的规定，什么要控制，什么要主体地位。”
曹思源认为，国企改革的重点应该是放在改革国有制。国有制的比重要大大降低。比重降低的过程就是私有化的过程。但是从“国企混合所有制”的第一和第二形式来看，这次改革，不是朝着私有化的方向前进，而是大大加强了国有企业的比重。
而段绍译则认为，加强国企地位的所谓改革，没有任何意义，甚至有可能更糟糕。
段绍译：“它强化了国有企业的地位，它要把国有企业要做大做强。相反就是他对民营企业是一种歧视。好比说，我们现在很多的国有企业，它都是亏本的。因为它的土地是国家划拨的，它的钱也是原来国家投资的，它的银行贷款利息是很低的，在这种情况下，它们都几乎不怎么赚钱。”
而同一类型的民营企业跟国有企业相比，要承担更高的成本。比方说，购买土地的钱，或通过民间融资的高利息成本。段绍译指出，国有企业如果按私人企业那样的成本来衡量的话，没有几个企业是赚钱的。
段绍译表示，一个企业有没有必要存在，只有市场知道。市场需要，就应该存在，市场不需要，就不应该存在。而企业能赚钱就证明市场需要，不赚钱就是不需要。
段绍译认为，“国企私有化”面临的阻力，首先是左派思想的影响。中共建政之初就是号称要建立一个“公有制”的国家。
段绍译：“好像说私有化就已经背离了他们的目地。他们打倒国民党，把这么多私营企业没收了。他们的目地就是搞公有制。如果现在又搞私有化，他们好像是自己打自己的嘴巴。他们心里上迈不出这个坎。”
其次，中共认为，实行“私有化”会削弱共产党的统治。
另外，还有利益集团的阻碍。这些利益集团就是国有企业的实际控制人。虽然国有企业名义上是全民所有，实际上是国资委领导所有，以及企业的董事长、总经理所有。
采访编辑/秦雪 后制/黎安安
New Reform of State Owned Enterprises
A Chinese Communist Party (CCP) State Council official
said on Thursday that some state owned enterprises (SOE)
will likely become overall market public companies.
But experts say the CCP’s so called SOE reform is
still with public ownership as the mainstay.
This is against"letting the market play a bigger role"
mentioned in the Third Plenum.
SASAC Deputy Director Huang Shuhe indicated at a press
conference of the State Council on Thursday that SASAC
will strengthen the SOE reform, speed the reform of “equity
diversification",and develop a “mixed ownership economy".
Huang Shuhe indicated that “SOE mixed ownership”
mainly takes four forms.
First, a few SOE involving national security
can be state-owned.
Second, major industries involving national lifelines
Can be maintained under the state’s absolute control.
Third, SOE pillar industries and high-tech industries
can remain the state’s relative holdings.
Fourth, SOE that don’t have state’s holdings
can use the form of state-owned shares.
The Unirule Institude of Economy assistant director
Duan Shaoyi says if the authority wants to increase
the productivity, run the company well, and make
more money, it must implement privatization.
Duan Shaoyi:"SOE’s can’t do it well, because they spend
other people’s money to run other people’s businesses.
Only privatization can run the business well."
The decision document of the CCP’s Third Plenum says
to let the market play a more important role, and upgrade
the market from fundamental role to decisive role.
But the CCP still emphasizes keeping"public ownership" to
be the main body, to keep"state ownership"the economy core,
and to improve the control and influence of the state economy.
Cao Siyuan, former Cadres of the CCP Central Commission
for Restructuring:"SOE’s control force is not fair.
There are SOE and private enterprises. Why does SOE
control the market? On the contrary, I think the competition
in the economy market should be equal.
Through equal competition, private enterprises will
become the main body. It should not be ruled by man.
Why does the government control?"
Cao believes that SOE reform should
focus on reforming state ownership.
The proportion of state ownership must be lowered a lot.
Lowering the proportion of SOE is a process of privatization.
The first two forms of"mixed ownership"reform is not
towards privatization but to strengthen the proportion of SOE.
Duan Shaoyi thinks that it’s meaningless to strengthen
SOE’s status, which makes the situation even worse.
Duan: “It reinforces SOE’s status, making SOE stronger.
It’s a discrimination to private enterprises.
For example, we have a lot of SOE that are losing money.
Because its land is given by the nation, it’s money is
investigated by the nation.it’s bank mortgage is very low.
In this situation, it still doesn’t make much money."
On the contrary, the same size and type of private enterprise
have to suffer more costs.
For example, private enterprises pay more money for land
and higher interest.
Duan says if SOE is evaluated the same way,
there are not many SOE that earn money.
Duan indicates that only the market knows if a company
should still exist or not.
If the market needs it, it should exist,
if the market doesn’t need it, it should exist.
Whether a company earns money or not
can verify if the market needs the company or not.
Duan thinks that privatization of SOE faces
obstacles from leftists ideology.
The CCP established a nation of
public ownership at the beginning.
Duan:"It seems that privatization is against the CCP’s goal.
The CCP fight over the Nationalist Party and took over many
private enterprises.
Their purpose is to make public ownership.If they now start
privatization again,it’s like fighting against itself.
They can’t get over such a conflict."
Second, the CCP thinks having privatization
weakens the rule of the Communist Party.
Also, there are obstacles from interest groups. Those interest
groups are the people who control the SOE.
Although SOE is nominally owned by people, in fact,ithey are
owned by the leadership of State Owned Assets Supervision
and Administration Commission,and the chairman and general
manager of the SOE.
Interview & Edit/Qin Xue Post-Production/Li Anan
