【新唐人2013年09月27日讯】中共实施计划生育政策衍生出的“社会抚养费”，在中国大陆早年被称为“超生罚款”。近来，民众要求公开社会抚养费黑洞的呼声越来越高。日前，中共国家审计署公布，9个省违规拨付的社会抚养费，总金额约达16.27亿元，不过外界普遍质疑里面的水分。中共征收的“社会抚养费”里到底有什么糊涂账，我们来看一看。
中共统计局9月18号公布了重庆、云南、甘肃等9个省（市）共45个县，2009年至2012年5月的审计调查结果。初步统计，45县违规拨付的社会抚养费总金额大约是16.27亿元。
审计结果发现，计划外生育人口底数不清，少报、漏报问题严重；计划生育罚款，征收标准不统一，自由裁量权偏大；违规下达征收任务，擅自挪用相关资金的等诸多问题。
浙江律师吴有水：“账面以外的东西他是没有办法查到的，审计他是没办法审计的，它审计是针对凭证、账目、账面来进行审计的，如果没入账的，凭证也没有，账面也没有，上面来审计，拿出来的都是外帐，所谓的外帐就是给别人看，内帐是自己掌握的。”
7月11号，浙江吴有水律师向大陆31个省（市、区)寄出快递，申请公开2012年度社会抚养费收支及审计情况。8月末，吴有水仅仅收到来自17个省（自治区、直辖市）公开的2012年度社会抚养费征收总额，合计超过165亿元。在31个省（自治区、直辖市）中，没有任何一个省份的计生或财政部门，依据吴有水的申请，公开社会抚养费的预算情况或用途。
浙江律师吴有水：“它肯定要作假，它不作假，它的帐抹不平的，因为它计划生育部门有两个指标，一个是社会抚养费征收是上、下指标的，今年你要征收多少钱，为了完成或超额完成这个任务，它必然要尽放纵人家去超计划外生育，同时它又接受另外一个同样硬性的任务，人口增长不能超过多少多少，为了了解决这个问题，它只有作假，两方面都作假。”
继吴有水之后，9月1号，中国14名女律师向国家审计署申请公开社会抚养费审计情况。《中国青年报》的报导直接批评，社会抚养费到今天为止还是一笔糊涂账。
长期研究计划生育的独立学者何亚福曾向《投资者报》表示，从1980年到现在，如果平均每个超生人口，征收的超生罚款为一万元， 1.5亿至2亿超生人口的罚款总额应该是1.5万亿至2万亿元。
学者杨支柱估算，根据9省市超生罚款的平均数，中国31个省每年征收的数额高达279亿元。杨支柱曾经是中国青年政治学院法律系副教授，2010年因超生遭解聘。北京市海淀区计生委向他征收24万“社会抚养费”，遭到拒交。此后，法院在扣押银行卡两个月之后，采取强制措施划走了卡内的相应额度的钱款。
BWCHINESE中文网专栏作家蔡慎坤：“实际没办法统计，每年至少几百个亿，就被他们不知不觉的挥霍掉了，不知道用到哪儿去了，吃了、喝了、玩了、贪了吧。”
2013年8月3号，大陆《经济观察报》在《一个百强县的财政“敛财术”》 这篇文章里披露，河南省驻马店西平县所有的行政单位，有超生子女的职工，每人要再次缴纳高达数万元的社会抚养费，征收总额达5亿元。
西平县的王茹萍，在丈夫收到需要再次征收4万元社会抚养费的通知后，当天晚上，她用一根绳子在刚盖好的新房房梁上结束了生命。年仅33岁的王茹萍生育了一儿一女。
采访编辑/刘惠 后制/施怡君
Use of China’s “Social Upbringing Fee" Remains Unclear
China’s “social upbringing fee" is part of the
Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) one-child policy.
It was formerly know as “one-child policy violation charge".
Chinese civilians have made stronger calls
for announcing the use of collected fines.
Recently, the CCP National Audit Office announced that
about 1.627 billion Yuan of “social upbringing fees" had
been illegally collected by local governments in 9 provinces.
This number is widely believed to be an underestimate.
The information on use of “social upbringing
fees" is not organized or transparent.
On September 18, the CCP Audit Office announced the
auditing results between 2009 and May 2012 of 45 counties
from 9 provinces including Chongqing, Yunnan and Gansu.
Preliminary statistics show that, a total of 1.627 billion Yuan
was illegally collected in the name of “social upbringing fee".
According to the audit, the most serious
problems include the exact number of extra
births being mostly unclear and understated.
There are no unified standards in charging fines.
Local governments have too much operating
space in implementation of policies.
Officials sometimes illegally set proposed fines for their
subordinates, and a large amount of fees are embezzled.
Wu Youshui, lawyer: “Anything off the
account books can never be found by auditors.
The Audit Office can only check vouchers and account items.
Anything that does not enter the account
book cannot be found from those records.
Furthermore, an external account is prepared for such audit
from higher authorities. That one is simply made for outsiders.
There is another internal account
that can only be seen by insiders."
On July 11, Zhejiang lawyer Wu Youshui sent express mail
to 31 provincial or municipal governments of the mainland.
It requested the announcement of income and
expenses from “social upbringing fees" in 2012.
By the end of August, 17 governments had responded
to Wu, and only provided their annual fine amounts.
This totalled over 16.5 billion Yuan.
None of the 31 Family Planning or Financial Departments
provided details of income or expenses requested by Wu.
Wu Youshui: “Manipulation of accounts is
a must, otherwise they cannot be evened.
The reason is that two tasks have to be accomplished
simultaneously by the Family Planning Departments.
First, they have to collect at least a specific amount
of ＇social upbringing fees＇ as required by higher levels.
To collect more fines, they will intentionally
leave people to give birth to extra children.
On the other hand, they have another compulsory task.
This is to control the population
growth below a regulated line.
To accomplish both goals, the only
solution is to cheat on both issues."
Following Wu Youshui, another 14 Chinese female lawyers
requested information from the National Audit Office.
They requested announcing the use
of “social upbringing fees" on September 1.
China Youth Daily also made direct criticisms that
the whole system is still a complete mess to date.
He Yafu, a long-term researcher of one-child
policy, spoke told to ＇Investor China＇ newspaper.
Assume that 10,000 Yuan has been
fined for each extra child since 1980.
A total of 1.5 to 2 trillion Yuan should have been collected
from the 150 to 200 million extra births over these years.
Another scholar, Yang Zhizhu made an estimate according
to the average one-child violation charges of 9 provinces.
About 27.9 billion Yuan is fined
over the whole country every year.
Yang was once an associate professor of
China Youth University for Political Sciences.
He was fired in 2010, due to violation of one-child policy.
He refused to pay the 240,000 Yuan “social upbringing fee"
charged by the district family planning committee.
After that, the court seized Yang’s bank cards for two months,
and forcibly charged that amount of money from the cards.
Cai Shenkun, column writer of BWChinese.com:
“There is no practical way to know the exact number.
Annually, at least tens of billions
are squandered by those officials.
Nobody knows where this has been spent, either
by eating, drinking, playing or embezzling it away."
On August 3, Chinese newspaper “the
Economic Observer" published an article.
“Money-collecting tricks of the Top 100 County’s Government".
The article revealed that, in Xiping County of Henan
Province, employees of all administrative units who
have extra children were forced to pay fines.
This totaled as much as tens of
thousands of Yuan for the second time.
A total of 500 million Yuan was collected by such means.
Wang Ruping, a resident of Xiping County, hanged
herself at her new home in the evening.
Her husband was informed of the extra
40,000 Yuan charge on the same day.
The 33-year-old Wang was a mother of a boy and a girl.
