【新唐人2013年01月07日讯】近年来，中国大陆因为强行征用土地而引发的暴力事件不断上演，造成民怨沸腾、民间抗暴此起彼伏。最近大陆媒体报导，今年全国两会前后，当局将会颁布一份城镇化建设规划，涉及众多大型城市群的建设。外界解读认为，这意味着城市化规模的加大和更多失地农民的出现，如果当局不对土地和户籍制度作根本改变，这一规划将会使很多问题越发尖锐。
大陆《经济观察报》报导，由国家发改委牵头，财政部、国土资源部、住建部等十多个部委，参与编制的《全国促进城镇化健康发展规划(2011-2020年)》，将于今年全国两会前后对外颁布。这一规划将涉及全国20多个城市群、180多个地级以上城市和1万多个城镇的建设。
《规划》宣称，当局将在东部地区优化提升京津冀、长三角和珠三角城市群，使其具有国际竞争力﹔在中西部资源较好的地区，培育壮大若干城市群。
报导说，从1978年到2011年，大陆城镇人口从1.72亿增加到6.9亿，城镇化率从17.92%提升到51.27%。但2.6亿农民工，没有城镇户籍、享受不到教育、医疗和社会保障， 真正在城市购房的还不足1%。城镇化建设背后潜藏的诸多矛盾日益凸显，包括城市交通拥堵、住房紧张、环境污染、事故灾害等，而其中最为突出的是户籍和土地问题。
对此，北京《国情内参》期刊首席研究员巩胜利向《新唐人》表示，在西方国家，土地是农民私有财产，而在中国，农民对土地只有一定的使用权。因此在城市化过程中，政府把农民土地强行征用为城市商业用地，然后高价拍卖获取暴利。各级政府成为“土地财政”的最大受益者，而被剥夺土地的农民却陷于极其艰难的境地。
北京《国情内参》期刊首席研究员巩胜利：“比如像广州，最大的一个悬而未决的问题就是广州的大学城。大学城盖起来以后，很多失地农民在那抗议，而且搭起了窝棚。几百户、几千户成片成片的呆在那里，寻找生存之路。”
据河南一名王姓农民讲述，他自己村里的土地，就被当地政府以一万多元的低价强行占有，虽然多方投诉，但无人受理。
河南农民王先生：“强占去了，他们倒卖了一、二百万一亩、最贱的也是70万。我们农民确实被这个政府搞得晕头转向，农民跟政府现在是势不两立。”
王先生表示，十八大之后，当局说是要监督土地征用，但到底结果如何，目前还是未知数。
河南农民王先生：“能不能落实到实际。看我们遭受的痛苦，了解了解我们农民的怨言，什么怨言，为啥有怨言，为啥对政府那么多怨言，那么多痛恨。”
针对中国城镇化的难题，一些专家认为，现行的土地和户籍制度是两个绕不开的障碍。户籍、土地制度要同步进行改变，让长期在城市打工的农民工市民化，同时提高农村征地补偿，破除政府垄断征地，让土地收益更多进入农民口袋。
巩胜利则指出，在正常的市场经济中有运动员和裁判员，两者不能混淆。而在中国，政府既是运动员又是裁判员。目前还看不出当局有任何举措来保障失地农民的权益。
巩胜利：“如果市场经济的机制不能得以实行，那么中国的市场经济乱局会更深入的发展，而且这种乱局还会持续的发酵，甚至扩大、普遍化，使中国可能出现更大的危局。”
巩胜利强调，由于中共不允许任何不同声音的存在，造成当今中国的生态环境最为严峻。从人类生存的人文、社会、和大自然空间来看，中国的问题最严重，是所有国家里绝无仅有的。
采访/朱智善 编辑/李谦 后制/王明宇
Urbanization Plan Aggravates Land and Residency Issues
Many violent events occur in China due to increasing anger
and civil uprising caused by forcible land acquisition.
It is reported that around the Two meetings (annual meetings
of the National People’s Congress and Chinese People’s
Political Consultative Conference), urbanization plans will be issued.
It is believed that this action will only result in more
landless peasants.
Social problems related to household registration
will also intensify.
The Economic Observer (a Chinese weekly) reported that
the 2011-2020 urbanization plan led by the National Development
and Reform Commission will be issued around the Two meetings.
This program will involve more than 20 urban areas,
180 districts, and more than 10,000 towns.
It has been claimed the plan will upgrade the international
competitiveness of urban areas such as Beijing, Tianjin,
the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta
of eastern China.
It will also foster urbanization in the resourceful
midwest area.
Urban population was reported to increase from 172 million
to 690 million, and urbanization rate from 17.92% to 51.27%, between 1978 and 2011.
However, less than 1% of the 260 million migrant workers
owned a house in the city.
Majority of them are not entitled to urban residency,
education, health care and social security.
Problems behind urbanization such as traffic, housing,
pollution, accidents and disasters, are only getting prominent.
Among them, household registration and land usage
are the most pressing issues.
Gong Shengli, a Beijing based newsrefer.com researcher
told the New Tang Dynasty TV that land in China is right to use but not ownership as in the Western countries.
During the urbanization, the authorities reap huge profits
through forcibly expropriate the land from farmers and commercialize it from high-priced auction.
Local governments become the biggest beneficiary of
the land and leave the deprived farmers in the most difficult situation.
Newsrefer.com researcher Gong Shengli:
“Take Guangzhou as an example.
The most outstanding issue is the Campus City.
The landless farmers protest in the Campus City after
it’s built.
Hundreds and thousands of the landless farmers gather there
in clusters in the temporary shelters and try to survive."
A Henan farmer, Mr. Wang, spoke to the local government
of his village which forcibly occupied the land
in the village at a low base price of 10,000 yuan.
Yet, complaints were not accepted anywhere.
Henan Farmer Mr. Wang: “They resold the land at a
minimum of 700,000 yuan, and even at two million an acre.
They have fooled the farmers.
We and the government are irreconcilable."
Mr. Wang said it is claimed that after the 18th National
Congress, the authorities will oversee the acquisition of land. But he suspects the result.
Henan farmer Mr. Wang: “Is it going to work?
They need to know our suffering, understand our complaints,
and learn why there’s so much complaint
and hatred of the government."
The problems of urbanization in China are believed to exist
in the systems of land and household registration.
Reform of both the household registration
and the land system must go hand in hand.
That is to allow residency of the migrant workers,
to improve rural land requisition compensation,
to cut government monopoly of land acquisition,
and to allow land revenue to go to the farmers.
Gong Shengli indicated that the identities of athletes
and referees in a normal market economy cannot be confused.
In China, the government is both the player and the referee,
yet there’s no protection of landless peasants.
Gong Shengli: “If the mechanisms of the market economy
cannot be implemented, China’s market economic chaos will continue and even expand into a critical situation for China."
Gong Shengli stressed that the Chinese Communist Party
has created the harshest environment by not allowing a second voice.
China is experiencing the most serious problems in
humanities, society, and nature among all countries.
