【新唐人2013年06月12日讯】日前，中共审计署发布了“36个地方政府本级政府性债务审计结果公告”，公告显示，36个地方政府的债务余额接近3万8千5百亿元，比2010年增加4400多亿元，增长12.94%。不过这个看似惊人的巨大地方债务数目，专家认为，实际债务比这个应该更大，中共地方政府官员，为了私饱中囊而高高筑起的债台，将成为难以解决的大问题。
6月11号，中共审计署发布的地方政府债务结果，有16个地区的债务率超过100%，债务率最高的达到219%。
香港《经济日报》报导，这次审计的对像大部分是省级及省市级城市，采取抽样调查方式完成。36个接受审查的地方政府中，11个省级政府和13个省会级政府的2012年债务规模，比2010年有所增长，其中4个省级和8个省会城市级债务，增长超过20% 。9个省会城市政府负有偿还责任的债务率，超过100%，最高的达188.95%﹔如加上政府负有担保责任的债务，债务率最高的达219.57%。
美国“南卡罗莱纳大学”艾肯商学院教授谢田指出，一般说来，调查个人收入和个人税收的时候，会采用抽样调查，地方政府并没有那么多，应该采用普查，当局抽样调查时，很可能避重就轻。
美国南卡罗莱纳大学艾肯商学院教授谢田：“用普查的办法，才会真正知道中国地方债务的准确规模有多大，也许是中共自己意识到，上下互相欺骗，可能连准确去调查一下的信心都没有了，只能用抽样调查，实际上对省市县一级的政府，地方政府用抽样调查是非常滑稽的，也不符合国际的惯例。”
公告中显示，2012年底，在36个被审查对像中，22个省本级和省会城市本级政府，承诺以“土地出让收入”为偿债来源，不过债务需偿还的本息，是当年可支配土地出让收入的1.25倍。5个省本级和3个省会城市本级政府的有关部门，违规为817亿6千7百万元的债务举借，提供担保。
大陆经济学家茅于轼：“地方政府靠卖土地不是长久的办法，土地（迟早）要卖完的，而且这种方式是一个低效率的资源配置，资源配置的高效率是通过市场配置，土地要通过市场买卖，买方、卖方都有竞争，这形成一个市场。现在只有买方的竞争没有卖方的竞争，这不是个市场，所以是非常低效率或者说浪费非常大的一种办法，债务问题迟早要出大事。”
据“中国公民监政会”的发起人郭永丰反映，中共的各级官员在买官时付出了很大的代价，上台后往往借用修桥铺路，建桥、建坝、建房的方式，把行贿的钱收回来。郭永丰说，往往新官上任，就会针对前任兴建的项目指出缺点，然后拆掉，在拆和建的过程中，既有了政绩，又有了发财机会。
中国公民监政会的发起人郭永丰：“作为中共的官员，不管是哪一个级别的，他必须要有项目来做，表面上是以公共的名义来申请，如果没有项目就没有贿赂，没有发财的机会，第二个，作为他的政绩向上面要汇报，大多数的钱流入他们的腰包里面了，只有很少的一部分做了些表面文章，可能建了一栋豆腐渣的楼房，或者是修了一条豆腐渣的马路。”
《经济日报》的评论指出，倘若按照审计署对部分地区的抽查和摸底结果来推算，尽管去年底，地方债的规模有可能较2010年增长12.94%，但地方债占中国国内生产总值（GDP ）的比重，却从26.7%下降到23.3%，两年下降3.4个百分点。
谢田指出，中国GDP真实的数字处于一种衰退的状态，地方政府的债务仍在不断的增加，地方政府的债务占GDP的比重应该是上升才对，中共在数字上造假，目地是企图告诉民众，地方债务还处于一种可控制的水平，不用担心。
采访/编辑刘惠 后制/李智远
How much is known of China’s local debt?
China’s National Audit Office recently released
the results of its audit of 36 local governments.
The report shows the debt balance of 36 local
governments is nearly 3.85 trillion yuan ($6.27 billion);
nearly a 13% increase from 440 billion yuan ($71.7 billion)
in 2010.
Although these numbers may already seem shockingly high,
analysts say that the actual debt should be much higher.
Analysts say the huge debts owe to Party officials
in local governments who try to fill their own pockets,
and that it will be a huge and difficult problem to solve.
On June 11, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s
National Audit Office released it’s report on local debts.
16 areas have a debt ratio over 100%,
with the highest reaching 219%.
Hong Kong’s Economic Times says the audit mainly
focuses on provinces and provincial capital cities.
The data was conducted via survey.
Debt balances for 11 provincial governments and
13 provincial-capital cities have increased since 2010.
Debt increased more than 20% for eight capital cities
and four provincial governments.
Nine capital cities bear the responsibility to repay debts
that exceed the 100% debt ratio, with highest at nearly 189%.
If including guaranteed debts, the highest ratio is nearly 220%.
University of South Carolina Aiken Business School
Professor Xie Tian pointed out that
the survey of personal income and tax
are generally done by sample.
The numbers for local governments are not that high.
It’s likely the CCP wants to avoid places with serious issues.
Professor Xie Tian: “Finding out exactly how large
the debt is can be done by conducting a census.
Perhaps the CCP doesn’t even have confidence to investigate,
realizing the deception between upper and lower governments.
Sample surveys of local governments are rather funny,
and they don’t conform to international practices."
The audit shows that among the 36 local
governments investigated at the end of 2012,
22 provincial governments and capital cities
promised to pay debts using “land revenues."
However, the interest cost of the debts are 1.25 times
higher than the income from land sales on the year.
Five provincial level and three capitals city level
governments provided guarantees for the debt of 81.7 billion yuan ($13.3 billion), which against the rules.
China economist Mao Yushi: “Local governments’
relying on land sales is not a long-term approach.
Land will be sold out sooner or later.
This approach is also an inefficient allocation of resources.
Efficient allocation of resources is through market.
There can only be a market for land trade through
competition between buyers and sellers.
Now there are only buyers, no sellers, so a market can’t form.
So it’s a very inefficient and wasteful way to do things.
The debt problem will lead to big disasters sooner or later."
Guo Yongfeng, founder of the Association of
Chinese Citizens for Monitoring the Government,
says CCP officials at all levels pay big bucks to buy positions.
After they take office, they want to get the money back
by building bridges, roads, dams or houses.
Guo says oftentimes new officials point out
shortcomings of previous projects and dismantle them.
In the demolition and construction process
they can get achievements while making a fortune.
Guo Yongfeng: “CCP officials, no matter what level,
must have a project to do, and apply on behalf of the public.
Without projects, there would be no bribes. Projects are
also reported to their superiors as good performance.
Most of the money flows into their pockets,
and only a small part of the money
might be used to build low-quality buildings or roads."
Economic Times pointed out that,
based on the survey’s results,
despite possible local governments’ near 13% debt
increase at the end of last year since 2010,
the proportion of the debts and China’s GDP was dropped
from 26.7% to 23.3%, which decreased 3.4 percentage points.
Xie Tian says China’s true GDP figure is declining,
while the debts of local governments are increasing.
So the debt ratio should increase.
He says the CCP fakes the numbers to make people think that
local debt is still under control and there is no need to worry.
